W. Hofmann¹, D. Ruth², W.G. Guder<sup>3

1</sup>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and immunology , Städt. KHS-München Neuperlach, Germany
²Dade-Behring, Marburg, Germany;
³Institute for Clinical Chemistry , Städt. KHS-München Bogenhausen, Germany

Proteinuria and hematuria are the most often found symptoms of renal disease. Recently we have learned that urine protein patterns mirror the sites and mechanisms of the events. Renal dysfunctions are excluded with high certainty when cystatin C in serum, total protein, albumin and α1-microglobulin, hemoglobin and leucocyte esterase excretion are normal (1,2).